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Just Stalking
  • Home
  • About
    • About Just Stalking
    • History/Development
  • "I have a stalker!" Steps
    • Just Quick Steps & Logs
    • Just Six Stages
    • Red Flags & Violence
    • Victim & Stalker Profiles
    • Two-Weeks - Recurrence
    • Stalking-by-Proxy
  • Special Victims Unit
    • Same-Gender
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    • False Victimization (FVS)
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    • Juvenile Stalking
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  • MD Victims' Rights & Laws
    • MD & Relevant Laws
    • Victims' Rights/Process
    • Restitution/Compensation
    • Address Confidentiality
    • Criminal Justice Barriers
  • Professional & Workplace
    • Non-Family Violence (NFV)
    • Workplace: Police
    • Professional Victims
    • NFV Recommendations
  • DV/IPV & Intrafamilial
    • Partner Stalking
    • Just Provider Tips
  • Cyberstalking
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juvenile Stalking

Juvenile Stalking

The CDC (2022) reports that 23.6% female stalking victims, and 19.1% of male victims was stalked before they turned 18yr.  However, these statistics do not discern who was stalked by a peer or an adult; they also do not clarify whether victims were primary or secondary victims. According to Mullen, et al. (2009) it is more "common" for children to be victims of adult stalkers in the context of adult stalking as a secondary victim, while this can still cause irreparable harm. However, as cyberstalking continue to change, there may be a shift in this pattern. According to research identified by Mullen, et al. (2009) while there are similarities between adult and juvenile stalkers there are important differences both among perpetrators as well as their victims. There are higher levels of threats and violence, likely due to lower levels of impulse control. Recent research suggests there are more female stalkers in juvenile community samples, who participate in more retaliation and bullying with same-gender victims (Mullen, et al., 2009). These stalkers also use cyberstalking tactics, engage is rumor spreading, and enlist stalking-by-proxy.

Juvenile Stalking typologies

Extension of bullying

Extension of bullying

Extension of bullying

Mullen, et al. (2009) describe no clear precipitant for this behavior, besides "torment" which usually commenced on school grounds (p. 127). These behaviors include a high degree of threatening and assault, which can last several months. Victims can be a peer, estranged friend. Males and females equally represent victims.

Retaliating

Extension of bullying

Extension of bullying

In these cases a precipitating incident or grievance is identified. Males and females equally represent groups of stalkers in this category. They targeted acquaintance predominantly, as well as estranged friends, and school peers. Behaviors consist of unwanted approaches, calls, and threats, but fewer assaults.

Rejected

Extension of bullying

Disorganizaed

Cases involving the dissolution of a dating relationship usually involve a male perpetrator, but not exclusively. Unwanted approaches at multiple venues, calls, threats, to the primary and secondary victim such as parents and new intimate partner may occur. Though the period of stalking may be brief, assaults are also not uncommon.

Disorganizaed

Intimacy-seeking

Disorganizaed

Some juvenile stalkers may target more than one unrelated vicim with no apparent ties or precipitating event. Research suggests these individuals may experience other conduct problems. Unlike "bullying" this behavior is exhibited outside of the school context, including neighbors and acquaintances (Mullen, et al, 2009, p. 128). These behaviors may include threats, property damage, and assaults of both other juvenile as well as adult victims.

Predatory

Intimacy-seeking

Intimacy-seeking

A minority of cases, primarily male perpetrators, may be predatory, aimed at imposing unwanted sexual contact on a victim. Victims are usually the same age or younger children. These stalkers generally directly approach, make threats, and demand compliance regarding their sexual demands. Sexual assault is a risk with this group (Mullen, et al., 2009).

Intimacy-seeking

Intimacy-seeking

Intimacy-seeking

Most of the juveniles motivated by infatuation in the research identified by Mullen, et al. (2009) were male. This group has a longer duration of pursuit than other groups and a greater number of harassment methods, including loitering and maintaining surveillance. However, they are less likely to threaten or assault their victims.

this is the scariest thing that has ever happened in my life[....] when you meet a guy that you like and who likes you, you don't expect to end up like this. you figure if you break up and it's a really bad break, you'll just hate each other or something. you don't expect him to go nuts over it.


Gross, 2012, p. 147

Juvenile Stalking: Impacts and Responses

Mental and physical health

Mullen, et al. (2009) identify a range of adverse impacts on juvenile victims of stalking. Not unlike adult victims, many worry they will "make good" on their threats, causing high levels of anxiety and fear (p. 130). Juvenile victims experience severe depression, weight loss/gain, hair-loss, and report suicidal ideation, and can require hospitalization.

See: Mental Health

Academic performance

Juvenile victims may experience absenteeism, a decline in school performance, particularly if they go to the same school as their stalker. Their sleeping and concentration may be impacted. They may lose associated opportunities such as scholarships, and may experience associated bullying from peers associated with the stalking.

see: mental health

Parents

Parents may experience similar levels of distress on their childs' behalf or due to secondary victimizations. They may also be required to take time off due to court proceedings or school appointments. If stalking proceeds parents may be required to relocate or move their child to another school, at their own expense.

see: informal resources

Teachers and administration

Teachers and administration may either be unable to or unwilling to intercede. They may not be able to discern between bullying and stalking, additionally, when a juvenile comes from another school they may have fewer resources to address the problem.

see: advocating for policies

Courts and mental health

There are few resources to address juvenile stalking. Most often it is mislabeled as bullying, until the incident becomes violent or damage is done. 

see: navigating cjs barriers

Advising Juvenile victims

Many juvenile victims may not understand, or want to, follow the advice to stop all contact. Acknowledging the stalker negatively can encourage them, provoking and reinforcing the behavior. A suggestion provided by Mullen, et al. (2009) has been to collaborate with juvenile victims. If they are unable to refrain from communication, they can nod or use hand gestures. 

Link: Stalking Logbook: For teens.

Just more resources

News & more
Link: Love is RespectLink: Helping Survivorslink: School District Responds To Lawsuit By Parents Of Jaelynn Willey, Teen Killed In Great Mills High School Shootinglink: They seemed like picture-perfect high school sweethearts, but their toxic relationship ended in murder
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Just Stalking: Resources, Inc. is a nonprofit, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) organization (EIN: 93-4264447).

Disclaimer: We are NOT a legal, mental health, medical, victims' advocate provider(s). We are NOT certified educators, financial experts, security specialists, or self-defense experts. While some of our staff may have training, background, or experience in legal, mental health, medical, victims' advocacy, education, financial, security, or self-defense fields pertaining to Maryland, none of our staff is currently, licensed, or certified specialists in the aforementioned fields. WE ARE NOT PROVIDING ADVICE, IN SUCH FIELDS. OUR GOAL IS TO DIRECT VICTIMS TO APPLICABLE PROVIDERS, PROVIDE FEEDBACK BASED ON PERSONAL EXPERIENCES, USING RELEVANT EVIDENCE-BASED RESEARCH & PRACTICES. WE WILL DO OUR BEST TO PROVIDE RESOURCES FOR ALL AFOREMENTIONED TIPS. IF YOU ARE IN DISTRESS PLEASE CALL 911.

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